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NMN Supplementation Upgraded: Exploring the Benefits of Liposomal Delivery
Should you take liposomal NMN? When it comes to NMN supplements, some forms may be more effective than others. Capsules, for instance, are believed to be less effective compared to sublingual powder, lozenges, or acid-resistant capsules. The reason for this is it all comes down to stomach acid wreaking havoc on NMN before it can do its magic in the bloodstream, where it's meant to work wonders on your cells and tissues. Now, let's talk liposomes, those cool, tiny bubbles with a mission. Picture them as molecular superheroes, zooming through your body to deliver drugs and compounds like sulforaphane, vitamin C, and glutathione. However, we are still uncertain whether liposomes are necessary for NMN to provide optimal benefits to human health. We're still in the dark on that one, waiting for science to shed some light. What are liposomes? Liposomes can be described as tiny bubbles with a unique molecular structure that act as vehicles for transporting drugs and compounds into the body. They consist of a double layer of fat-based compounds called phospholipids, resembling our cell membranes. The inner part of the liposome is water-based, while the double-layered structure shields the enclosed compound during its journey through the digestive tract and bloodstream. Once the liposome reaches our cells, it merges with the cell membrane, releasing nutrients. Turns out, liposomes are born from lipids, the cool kids on the molecular block. Think triglycerides, fatty acids, and cholesterol. They're the VIPs behind the scenes, ensuring our cellular membranes are top-notch in structure and function. The human gastrointestinal tract poses challenges with its acidic conditions that can degrade nutrients. Now, let's face the harsh reality of our gastrointestinal tract—it's a battlefield of acidic conditions that can obliterate nutrients. That's where liposomal delivery struts its stuff, giving a masterclass in efficiency. These tiny warriors are small in size, and armed with hydrophobic and hydrophilic powers, making them an unstoppable force when it comes to delivering the goods. Is Liposomal NMN better for you? Liposomes have been in the scientific spotlight since the '70s, but it wasn't until the '90s that they truly came into their own. These days, they're the darlings of drug delivery, with the potential to change the game. Presently, there is no definitive evidence indicating that liposomal NMN is superior to other forms. However, a study discovered that vitamin C has better bioavailability when delivered via liposomes compared to its naked counterpart. Could the same be true for other compounds? That's the burning question - is liposomal NMN the holy grail? Dr. Christopher Spade, an expert on liposomal delivery systems, suggests that liposomes mimic the natural cell-to-cell exchange of NMN, which could enhance absorption. However, such a claim lacks supporting scientific research. While liposomal NMN may offer improved absorption compared to capsules, it may have similar effects to sublingual or acid-resistant capsules. Moreover, it's important to note that liposomal NMN in liquid or gel form would be ineffective due to NMN's degradation in water. Hence, liposomes need to be encapsulated for effective delivery. As it stands, liposomal NMN may enhance absorption, but conclusive clinical research is lacking. Sublingual NMN or acid-resistant capsules could be equally effective alternatives. It is also worth considering other forms of NMN supplementation. According to Dr. Spade, liposomal NMN provides faster and more efficient absorption by avoiding degradation in the gut. It boasts several benefits, such as high bioavailability, noninvasiveness, protection against the digestive tract environment, increased oral uptake, intracellular delivery, compatibility with hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds, and adjustable dosing. The jury is still out there on Liposomal NMN Liposomal NMN might be the superhero absorption champion, but we're still waiting for those research superheroes to swoop in and confirm it. Sublingual NMN and delayed-release gastric capsules might just be standing shoulder-to-shoulder, ready to enhance bioavailability by sidestepping stomach acidity. The world of NMN supplements is a wild one, with liposomes strutting their stuff, but plenty of other forms vying for the spotlight. Let's keep our eyes peeled for more evidence-based research because when it comes to boosting those NAD+ levels, we need the real deal.
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Boosting Immune Power: NMN's Potential in Fighting Hepatitis B in India
NMN treatment significantly increases the expression of antiviral cytokines Hepatitis B is a viral infection that tends to be more prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa and East Asia, but it has also made its presence known in India, affecting a terribly significant number of around 40 million individuals, roughly 3% to 4.2% of the population. India falls within the range of countries with moderate hepatitis B cases globally, with a prevalence rate of 2% to 4%. Given India's large population, this poses a significant health concern, adding to the global burden of the disease. Disturbingly, 15% to 25% of people with chronic hepatitis B in India face serious complications such as liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, and an increased risk of premature mortality. While most cases of hepatitis B resolve within six months, some persist and become chronic troublemakers. This occurs when CD8 T cells, the heroic virus-fighting immune cells, become exhausted from their relentless battle. Their exhaustion leads to DNA damage and weakens their ability to combat the virus. Understanding the reasons behind CD8 T cell exhaustion is crucial for developing improved treatments for chronic hepatitis B. Some researchers suggest that NAD+, a substance naturally present in the body, may play a role in this exhaustion process. Excitingly, a recent study by Fisicaro et al. from the University of Parma in Italy, published in the Journal of Hepatology, introduces a potential treatment approach for chronic hepatitis B. The researchers discovered that by targeting specific CD8 T cells that combat the hepatitis B virus with a substance called nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), they could give these cells a much-needed power boost. Exhausted hepatitis B-specific CD8 T cells were found to have higher levels of DNA damage and impaired DNA repair mechanisms. However, NMN or inhibitors of the CD38 enzyme have the potential to rejuvenate these exhausted T cells, enabling them to mount a formidable defense against hepatitis B and even other virulent infections. (Montali et al., 2023 | Journal of Hepatology) NMN restores immune cell antiviral cytokine production. Cellular cytokines listed on the X-axis significantly increased following immune cell treatment with NMN and hepatitis B viral proteins (black bars) compared to those treated with hepatitis B viral proteins alone (gray bars). Med + Pep= Cell culture medium with viral peptide stimulation; Med + Pep + NMN= Cell culture medium with viral peptide stimulation and NMN Furthermore, the study revealed that replenishing NAD+ levels in CD8 T cells isolated from chronic hepatitis B patients through NMN treatment significantly increased the expression of antiviral cytokines, particularly interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), which experienced a remarkable 2.7-fold increase. This suggests that NMN holds promise in restoring the antiviral properties of CD8 T cells. (Montali et al., 2023 | Journal of Hepatology) Hepatitis B-specific CD8 T cells have high levels of DNA damage and a weak DNA damage response to a DNA damaging molecule (etoposide). Left) Compared to FLU-specific CD8 T cells (FLU HEALTHY), those specific for hepatitis B (HBV CHRONIC) exhibit higher levels of markers for DNA damage (phosphoH2AX). Right) A molecule used to induce DNA damage (etoposide) elicits a trend toward lower DNA damage response in hepatitis B-specific immune cells (HBV CHRONIC) compared to FLU-specific immune cells (FLU HEALTHY), suggesting lower NAD+ required for DNA repair.In an intriguing comparison between hepatitis B-specific T cells and influenza-specific T cells, the study observed much higher levels of DNA damage in the former group. Additionally, when exposed to a substance inducing DNA damage, hepatitis B-specific T cells exhibited a weaker response compared to influenza-specific T cells. These findings indicate that the diminished NAD+ levels are associated with increased DNA damage in exhausted hepatitis B-specific CD8 T cells, as DNA damage responses heavily rely on NAD+ availability. (Montali et al., 2023 | Journal of Hepatology) Higher immune cell CD38 enzyme levels are associated with lower antiviral cytokine levels. Higher percentages of immune cells with elevated CD38 (%CD38hi) are associated with a lower probability of expressing the antiviral cytokine IFN-𝛾 (%IFN-𝛾+).“Our data show increased DNA damage with limited activation of the DNA repair machinery in [hepatitis B virus]-specific CD8 T cells from [chronic hepatitis B] patients,” say Fisicaro and colleagues. “This strongly suggests that NAD-consuming enzymes, particularly overexpressed CD38, may play a pivotal role in NAD depletion. Reconstitution of many interconnected intracellular functions by NMN supplementation indicates that NAD depletion likely represents an important determinant of T cell exhaustion.” Higher CD38 enzyme levels can impede the production of antiviral cytokines. Moreover, the study found a correlation between elevated levels of the NAD+-consuming enzyme CD38 and reduced levels of IFN-γ, a vital cytokine involved in antiviral defense. This suggests that higher CD38 enzyme levels can impede the production of antiviral cytokines, supporting the hypothesis that low NAD+ levels contribute to the development of chronic hepatitis B, as increased CD38 levels theoretically deplete cellular NAD+.To sum it up, this study provides compelling evidence that the hepatitis B virus triggers the activation of the CD38 enzyme, resulting in a shortage of NAD+. Consequently, exhausted hepatitis B-specific T cells suffer from increased DNA damage, accompanied by compromised DNA repair mechanisms. NMN could play a vital role in empowering immune cells However, there is a silver lining. Treating CD8 T cells with NMN, a precursor to NAD+, has yielded promising results in reviving the production of antiviral cytokines. This suggests that replenishing NAD+ levels rejuvenates the functionality of these T cells. These findings lend support to the idea that NAD+ depletion contributes to the exhaustion and dysfunction of CD8 T cells. Further research is needed to determine if NMN can restore exhausted T cells in the context of other infections. Should NMN prove effective in treating various infections, it could indicate that NAD+ plays a vital role in empowering immune cells to combat a wide range of infectious diseases.
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NMN Reduces Inflammation And Promotes Antibody Production. A New Hope for Immunity?
Hey there, my fellow busy bees! Life can sometimes feel like a never-ending race, with work, family, and countless responsibilities vying for our attention. It's easy to get caught up in the chaos and neglect our own well-being, particularly our immune health. But fear not, because I have an exciting ray of hope to share with you: NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide). This little-known compound might just be the game-changer we need to supercharge our immune systems and reclaim our vitality! The Immune Connection: Picture this: our immune system is like our personal shield, defending us against pesky invaders that try to make us sick. However, our hectic lives, stress, and less-than-ideal habits can weaken this shield, leaving us more susceptible to illnesses. That's where NMN comes in. This fascinating compound has captured the attention of researchers, and the results are truly remarkable when it comes to bolstering our immune defenses. NMN reduces inflammation and promotes antibody production Now, let's dive into the scientific side of things. In a groundbreaking study conducted by Xu et al. (2020), researchers explored the effects of NMN supplementation on aged mice. Brace yourself for the incredible findings: NMN actually improved immune function in these little critters! Antibodies, T cells, and natural killer cells were boosted, suggesting that NMN has the potential to reverse age-related immune decline. Now that's what I call impressive!But hold on, the immune-boosting powers of NMN don't stop there. Another study by Li et al. (2019) with obese mice revealed that NMN helped restore immune function by reducing inflammation and promoting antibody production. It's like NMN had the mice's backs, empowering their immune systems to fight off threats. Who knew this unassuming compound could be such a superhero? NMN and Infectious Diseases: Let's talk about the big bad world of infectious diseases. In a study by Zhang et al. (2020), NMN supplementation protected mice from influenza A virus infection. The researchers witnessed an enhanced immune response in the mice, making them better equipped to defend against the viral invader. This opens up exciting possibilities for NMN as a potential ally in bolstering our immune defenses against common infectious diseases. Say goodbye to those sick days, my friends! NMN and Overall Well-being: Now, prepare to be amazed, again! NMN seems to have a few additional tricks up its sleeve. In a study by Wang et al. (2019), it was discovered that NMN improved motor function and cognitive performance in aged mice. So, not only does NMN have potential benefits for our immune health, but it might also support our overall well-being. It's like a boost of vitality in a tiny package! Making NMN Part of Your Routine: Now, you might be wondering how you can tap into the potential of NMN and make it a part of your daily routine. Making NMN part of your routine doesn't have to be a daunting task. It's all about finding a balance that works for you and incorporating NMN into your daily life in a way that feels natural and enjoyable. Consider starting with small steps, like including NMN-rich foods in your diet, such as edamame, broccoli, and avocados. These nutrient-packed options can complement your NMN supplementation and provide an extra boost to your immune system. In addition to nutrition, by incorporating a high-quality NMN supplement into your daily routine, you can ensure you're getting a concentrated dose of this incredible compound to support your immune system and overall well-being. Life may throw countless challenges our way, but we have the power to overcome them. NMN offers a new hope for immunity and overall well-being, allowing us to reclaim control of our health in the midst of our busy lives. It's not about finding a quick fix, but rather embracing a holistic approach that combines smart choices, professional guidance, and the incredible potential of NMN. So, my fellow busy bees, let's embark on this exciting journey together. As we navigate our daily tasks, let's also prioritize our immune health and well-being. NMN: a new hope for immunity awaits us. Let's seize it, one step at a time, and unlock the potential for a healthier, more vibrant life! Remember, you have the power to make positive changes and boost your immune system. Stay strong, stay healthy, and let NMN be your secret weapon in the pursuit of a thriving life!
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Trying To Get Pregnant? NMN Increases Maternal Egg Quality, Numbers, & Improves Fertilization
The Ovary is the first to fail in Mammals! - Dr. David SinclairThe ticking clock of maternal age and its impact on fertility poses a significant concern for family planning in India. As women journey through the years, their fertility takes a nosedive, especially after hitting the milestone of 30. The culprit? Declining oocyte quality, those precious little cells vital for a successful pregnancy. Here's the harsh truth: We currently lack effective strategies to preserve or rejuvenate oocyte quality as women age. Consequently, there's been an upsurge in the demand for assisted reproduction technologies like in vitro fertilization (IVF) to combat the hurdles presented by this age-related decline.Unlike other tissues that can bounce back through self-renewal, oocytes in the ovary are like a finite resource, established during fetal development and not replenishing themselves. They're sitting ducks for dysfunction as the years roll by.The decline in oocyte quality as the years pile up is influenced by an array of molecular factors. We're talking genome instability, dwindling energy production in mitochondria, pesky reactive oxygen species (ROS), and even mishaps during chromosome segregation in the meiotic process. But here's the kicker: We're still in the dark about the exact cause of these chromosome mis-segregations in aging oocytes. And sadly, we currently lack any pharmacological approaches to tackle this problem head-on. If we could unravel the underlying molecular and metabolic mechanisms, it just might pave the way for therapies that can keep female fertility intact as time marches on.Now, let's talk metabolic mojo. Meet nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a powerhouse molecule responsible for energy metabolism, DNA repair, and epigenetic regulation. Here's the bummer: NAD+ levels take a nosedive as we age, causing ripples of interest in the use of metabolic precursors like nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) to kickstart a revival and keep our bodies rocking well into the golden years. NMN Improves Occyte Quality & Fertility In a quest to understand the fate of NAD+ in aging oocytes and its implications for infertility and oocyte quality, a team of scientists at the University of Queensland embarked on an experiment. They turned to our trusty mouse pals, who happen to experience similar oocyte aging woes as us humans. These researchers gave 12-month-old female mice a four-week treatment with NMN Supplements, and guess what? NAD+ levels in their oocytes shot up, resulting in improved oocyte quality, increased ovulation rates, and heightened fertility. As if that weren't enough, when they added NMN to the culture media surrounding embryos, the negative effects of age on embryo development reversed course. NMN treatment can be a non-invasive method to improve fertility. Hold on tight, because these findings pack a punch when it comes to addressing age-related infertility. The resurrection of NAD+ levels through NMN treatment could open a non-invasive and doable avenue for improving oocyte quality and amplifying the chances of natural conception or success rates in IVF. Picture this: Women with lackluster oocyte quality may be able to conceive using their own genetic material, waving goodbye to the reliance on donor oocytes. But, and it's a big but, we must exercise caution until further clinical studies validate the efficacy and safety of NAD+-raising supplements. Imagine the ripple effect of such interventions—savings on costs, diminished emotional stress from the heartache of failed IVF attempts, and the anguish of infertility. It's a lifeline that could alleviate the long-term psychological and social burdens, including the lurking shadows of depression and relationship strain, faced by those embroiled in fertility challenges.To sum it all up, this study's findings breathe hope into the realm of pharmacological interventions for age-related decline in oocyte quality. The potential is immense—improving fertility outcomes, enhancing embryo development in IVF, and bestowing women with the chance to have children using their own genetic blueprint. However, let's tread lightly until further clinical studies march forward to validate the efficacy and safety of these NAD+-raising supplements.
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Memory Upgrade: Creatine Can Supercharge Your Cognitive Abilities
One of the world's most used supplement: Creatine You probably know that creatine is a popular supplement for boosting physical performance and strength during workouts. But it's not just about big muscles and brawn—it has some pretty cool benefits for your brain, seemingly, when it comes to improving your memory.Let's talk about memory. Your brain needs a ton of energy to function at its best, this is where creatine comes in. Think of it as your brain's secret weapon for energy production. It helps your body make this thing called adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the ultimate energy molecule that powers your entire system. Sure, there may be ways you can get creatine from your diet, but guess what? Your body also produces it naturally in your liver, kidneys, and brain. So, these clever researchers went on a mission to explore creatine's memory-boosting abilities. They gathered up a bunch of studies and did this thing called a meta-analysis (a fancy term for combining and analyzing multiple studies). And the results were more than pleasantly surprising. When people took creatine supplements, the levels of this magical molecule in their brains went up. And the result? Boom! Improved energy availability and production in the mitochondria—the powerhouse of your cells. Results showed better memory performance compared to those who took the placebo pills. This study encompassed ten trials, including a diverse group of 225 participants from multiple countries such as the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Brazil, and the United States. The participants represented a wide range of ages and included both men and women. The duration of creatine use varied, from just a quick 5-day boost to a longer 24-week period. Most studies used a dosage of 20 grams of creatine, but some tried out lower doses too. Now, to measure memory performance, the researchers pulled out some nifty tools. They gave people tasks like recalling numbers, letters, or block sequences after a bit of memorization. And guess what happened? Across the board, memory performance shot up with the help of creatine. Talk about a memory superpower! Thinking of trying NMN? Read Top 5 NMN Supplements In India: A Brief Review Older participants showed more improvement than younger participants When researchers dug deeper into the data, they made an interesting discovery. Older adults (ages 66-76) experienced some serious memory improvement compared to younger folks (ages 11-31). Who would've thought? While these findings are cool and all, we need to be more chill about creatine. Some of the studies didn't provide enough info on how they randomly assigned people to groups, which could introduce some bias. So, we need more large-scale clinical trials to be sure about creatine's memory-boosting awesomeness and to explore how it affects other aspects of brain health. Previous research suggests that creatine levels tend to decrease as we age. That means if you're starting with lower baseline levels, you might get even more benefits from supplementation. Some other research groups also came to similar conclusions, hinting that older adults or those going through stressful times might find creatine particularly helpful. Creatine supplements have very few side effects & offer a bunch of advantages It's worth mentioning that many of the studies analyzed in this research didn't measure people's baseline creatine levels. So, we still need more investigation to lock in these findings. But hey, here's the good news—creatine supplements usually have very few side effects and offer a bunch of advantages. It's important (and smart!) to consult with your healthcare provider before making any changes to your medication or supplement regimen. They can provide personalized advice and guidance tailored to your specific needs.So! Want to supercharge your brain and body? Give creatine a shot! It could be just the thing you need to level up your memory skills and overall brain health. Stay sharp!
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Hitting Centuries: Unlocking The Secrets Of Longevity. Jeanne Calment & Sister André
When considering the lives of the oldest individuals in history, it's natural to wonder how one can increase their chances of living a long life. Take the case of Jeanne Calment, a French woman who lived to the age of 122, surpassing all others. While chance played a role in her longevity, certain aspects of her lifestyle also contributed to her extended lifespan.One significant factor that likely contributed to Calment's long life was her privileged upbringing. Growing up in a prosperous family, she lived in a pleasant neighborhood in southern France. During that era, it was common for women to start attending school at the age of 16. Calment received private lessons in art, cuisine, and dance until she married at the age of 20.Another contributing factor to Calment's longevity was her upper-class status, which meant she never had to work. She always had assistance with cooking and shopping for necessities.Calment refrained from smoking cigarettes until later in life. Smoking was strictly forbidden for girls, particularly those from bourgeois families like hers. Interestingly, Calment only took up smoking at the age of 112 when she resided in a nursing home. An active social life along with other factors can increase lifespan & healthspan Having an active social life was also a part of Calment's lifestyle. She had ample free time to take care of herself, travel across France, and engage in social activities. Social gatherings, such as home-hosted balls, provided her with opportunities to meet new people.Calment had a penchant for travel and had the means to explore the world around her. For instance, she visited the Eiffel Tower while it was still under construction. Living during the transition from the 19th to the 20th century exposed her to a captivating era.France was also home to Sister André, the second-longest living person who reached the age of over 118. Born Lucile Randon in 1904, she grew up in a Catholic family and became a nun at the age of 40, joining the Sisters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul in 1944. Throughout her life, Sister André worked as a nurse, particularly caring for the elderly. She remained dedicated to her work until the age of 80.In 2009, Sister André moved into a retirement home in Toulon, France, where she passed away in January 2023 at the age of 118. She was known for her active and engaged lifestyle, enjoying activities such as watching television, listening to music, and receiving visitors. Sister André also had a passion for poetry and had her poems published in French newspapers.Besides these individual cases, France's overall social factors may contribute to longer lifespans. One such factor is the availability of free education. Higher education levels provide individuals with a better understanding of healthy eating habits and appropriate exercise routines, promoting a healthier lifestyle and longer life expectancy. The Average India Diet Has Insufficient Nutrition In contrast, a study conducted in India revealed concerning dietary patterns. The average Indian diet lacked essential food groups, with excessive consumption of processed foods and insufficient intake of fruits, vegetables, and proteins. This pattern was observed across socio-economic levels, including affluent households.Furthermore, a national survey in India showed high prevalence rates of risk factors such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption. The survey also indicated an increased risk of conditions like blood glucose and cardiovascular diseases among participants. Access to Free healthcare can increase Longevity Countries with free healthcare, including France, Japan, and Denmark, tend to have longer life expectancies. Conversely, countries with less affordable healthcare, such as the U.K., the Netherlands, and the United States, have experienced a decrease in life expectancy. The French population also benefits from better dietary choices, with many adhering to the Mediterranean diet. This diet emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, healthy fats, and seafood while limiting the intake of red meat, dairy, and sweets. In contrast, other countries face issues like excessive fat and salt consumption.In summary, various lifestyle factors contribute to longevity, including socioeconomic status, education, smoking habits, social engagement, travel, and dietary choices. Understanding and adopting these factors can potentially increase one's chances of living a longer and healthier life.
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NMN: The Game-Changer in Heart Attack Therapy Utilizing Stem Cell Vesicles
Heart attacks are responsible for 80% of deaths caused by heart disease, which is the leading cause of death worldwide. When someone has a heart attack, their heart tissue gets damaged because their cells don't get enough oxygen due to blockage in the blood vessels. To prevent death, it's crucial to restore blood flow and repair the damaged tissue as quickly as possible. Right now, the available options include surgery or medications Heart diseases accounted for 28.1% of deaths in India In India, heart diseases accounted for 28.1% of deaths in 2016, according to a report from the Indian Council of Medical Research. This report compared the data with 1990 when the figure was 15.2%.Recently, researchers in China discovered that vesicles, which are small sacs released by stem cells treated with NMN (N-Vs), may help reduce heart damage and dysfunction after a heart attack. NMN Improves Heart Function In their study using rats, they found that injecting N-Vs improved heart function, increased blood vessel formation, and reduced tissue damage. These findings suggest that stem cell-derived vesicles, especially when conditioned with NMN, could be effective in reducing heart damage caused by heart attacks.Scientists have found that stem cells release extracellular vesicles, which are membrane-bound sacs filled with potentially therapeutic substances. These vesicles possess healing properties similar to stem cells but have certain advantages, such as avoiding rejection by the immune system and not inducing tumor growth. The content of these vesicles can change depending on various factors, which affects their biological effects.In the study conducted by Pu and colleagues, they induced heart tissue damage in rats by blocking their coronary arteries, simulating a heart attack. They then injected the rats with untreated stem cell vesicles or NMN-treated stem cell vesicles at the damaged tissue border. After four weeks, they observed that untreated vesicles improved the fraction of blood pumped by the heart, known as the left ventricular ejection fraction. Additionally, N-Vs further increased the ejection fraction, indicating enhanced repair of heart function.The efficiency of the heart's pumping action relies on optimal blood flow through blood vessels. The researchers discovered that untreated stem cell vesicles increased the density of small arteries and capillaries in the heart tissue of rats after a heart attack. N-Vs increase artery and capillary density Furthermore, N-Vs caused even more increases in the artery and capillary density. These findings demonstrate that NMN enhances blood vessel formation mediated by stem cell vesicles, leading to improved blood flow. The formation of new blood vessels helps reduce tissue scarring (fibrosis) and cell death in the heart tissue damaged by a heart attack. The researchers observed that fibrosis decreased when untreated stem cell vesicles were used, and it decreased further with N-Vs. Moreover, programmed cell death (apoptosis) was reduced by regular vesicle injections and further reduced with N-V exposure. These findings indicate that NMN enhances cardiac tissue repair mediated by stem cell vesicles.Stem cells have been used to treat various diseases, including neurological and respiratory conditions, fracture healing, and cardiovascular diseases. As more evidence suggests that stem cell vesicles have similar effects and advantages, there might be a shift in research towards cell-free therapy, which refers to using stem cell therapy without the actual stem cells. In fact, cell-free stem cell vesicles have already shown positive effects in alleviating arthritis and age-related effects in rodents.Pu and colleagues take cell-free therapy a step further by showing that NMN, an NAD+ booster, can enhance the therapeutic effects of stem cell-derived vesicles. Previous studies have demonstrated that NMN can rejuvenate stem cells, which may explain its enhancement effects. If cell-free therapy proves to be successful, it's possible that NAD+ boosters or other compounds that rejuvenate stem cells and their vesicles could improve the effectiveness of this therapy.
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NMN & Ostopernia: The Superhero for Stronger Space Bones!
Osteopenia in Space When astronauts venture into space, their bones suffer. They weaken and become super prone to fractures, which scientists call osteopenia. To combat this problem caused by the lack of gravity, astronauts try taking calcium and vitamin D supplements, as well as engaging in exercise. Alas, these methods have failed to muster the desired results in shielding against osteopenia. That's why scientists are constantly on the lookout for new medicines that can make bones strong again after space travel.In an exciting study published in Cell Stress & Chaperones, a team led by Yang from Xi'an Jiaotong University in China discovered something fascinating. They found that NMN could help rats regain their bone strength after being in a microgravity environment, similar to what happens in space. What's intriguing is that NMN replenishes a molecule called NAD+ in the rats' bones, which decreases during microgravity. Additionally, NMN reduces malondialdehyde, a stress-related component in bones. So, it seems like NMN has the power to make bones stronger, restore NAD+ levels, and alleviate stress in the bones.To investigate the impact of space on bones, the researchers conducted an experiment similar to NASA's approach. They suspended the rats by their tails, preventing their hind legs from touching the ground, mimicking the effects of zero gravity on their bones. This enabled them to observe how reduced activity affects bone strength, which they measured by examining mineral density.The rats whose hind legs hung in the air for four weeks experienced significantly weaker bones. This indicated the onset of osteopenia and fragile bones. However, when these rats were given NMN injections in their bellies every three days, their bones became strong once again. So, it appears that NMN can effectively prevent osteopenia during space travel.To understand the mechanism behind NMN's action on bones, the researchers analyzed the levels of NAD+ in the bones. Rats in microgravity exhibited significantly lower NAD+ levels, but when they received NMN, the NAD+ levels increased. This demonstrates that NMN strengthens bones by boosting NAD+. Stress is known to contribute to bone problems during space travel. Therefore, the researchers also measured a stress indicator called malondialdehyde. After hanging the rats' legs for four weeks, the malondialdehyde levels doubled. However, when they administered NMN, it reduced stress in the bones. This suggests that by elevating NAD+ levels, NMN assists proteins like sirtuins in reducing stress and maintaining strong bones. NMN has the potential to preserve bone strength In summary, based on these findings, NMN has the potential to preserve bone strength and prevent osteopenia in rats experiencing microgravity, similar to the conditions of space travel. Moreover, it restores NAD+ levels, which decrease during microgravity, and consequently lowers stress, ensuring the maintenance of robust bones.Since NMN supplements have been proven safe, there is a possibility that astronauts could benefit from them during space travel. The next step would involve administering NMN to astronauts aboard the International Space Station and assessing their bone strength before and after their missions. This research will provide insights into whether NMN can effectively prevent osteopenia resulting from space travel.
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Can NMN Reverse The Dastardly Effects Of Pollution on Your Skin?
Particulate matter makes our skin age faster. Whether you're traveling in the smoggy streets of Delhi or just chilling inside your apartment in Hyderabad, chances are you're surrounded by these sneaky little troublemakers called particulate matter (PM). They're microscopic particles floating in the air that you can't see, but they're not exactly harmless. In fact, not only can inhaling them can be dangerous, but they also contribute to making our skin age faster. And living here in India where pollution is at an all-time high doesn’t do us or our skin any favors.But fear not, there are two very cool molecules called nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and coenzyme Q10 (Q10) that naturally occur in our cells and play a crucial role in energizing them. These super cool guys can actually help protect our skin cells from the aging effects of PM. Researchers in Taiwan discovered that when human skin cells get exposed to PM, they start having higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and senescent cells. But when they treated these cells with NMN, both ROS and senescent cells decreased. Q10, on the other hand, specifically reduced senescent cells. Talk about a powerful duo! NMN and Q10 also brought down the levels of inflammatory markers and ramped up the activity of an enzyme called sirtuin 1, which is associated with longevity.To test the impact of NMN and Q10 on PM-induced skin aging, the scientists exposed human skin cells to PM and then gave them a dose of either NMN or Q10. They discovered that the PM-exposed cells had higher levels of ROS, which can be harmful to cells. But when they treated these cells with NMN, the ROS levels decreased, indicating that NMN tackles the oxidative stress caused by ROS.As we grow older, our cells face all sorts of challenges like oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage. These factors can push our cells into a state called senescence, where they stop dividing and start causing inflammation, leading to age-related diseases. When the researchers exposed human skin cells to PM, they saw an increase in senescent cells. But guess what? Treating the cells with NMN or Q10 actually reduced the number of these senescent cells. It turns out that long-term exposure to PM is linked to a higher risk of diseases and even death worldwide. Nasty stuff! Air pollution, which contains high levels of PM, is particularly associated with conditions like a fading sense of smell, memory decline, weaker bones, heart issues, and lung cancer. So, we really need to find ways to protect ourselves, knowing that there’s no dearth of air pollution in our country.NMN, is a molecule that our cells use to produce something called nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), which is crucial for the functioning of an enzyme called SIRT1. This enzyme is like a shield against cellular senescence, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. NAD+ is also important for energy production and keeping our mitochondria (the powerhouses of our cells) in top shape—just like Q10. So, here's the big question: Can boosting NAD+ with NMN shield our skin from PM and prevent premature aging? It's worth exploring!Recent studies have shown that when human skin cells are hit with a combo of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and PM, it triggers more ROS, inflammation, and senescent cells. But hey, there's good news! Applying a mix of vitamins C and E actually reduces these signs of aging. Similarly, NMN, has been found to protect the skin from UV damage in mice. And get this—a different study showed that PM actually stimulates the production of skin melanin, which NMN can help reduce in rodents.So, here’s the deal: While there's a heap of research suggesting that PM speeds up skin aging and affects other organs, there's still not enough on how to shield ourselves from it. But based on the available evidence, we gotta ask ourselves if NMN can protect us from aging. Animal studies have shown its effectiveness when taken internally, so let's dive deeper and find out.
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