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Can AI Help Combat Dementia and Cognitive Decline?
A word that can send shivers down your spine and make you hold on to dear life is - Dementia. Anyone who has had a dear one affected by it will know how debilitating it really is! And my guess is that you or someone you know probably have it too! In fact, a recent study by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) estimated that 7.4% of adults aged 60 and above, roughly 8.8 million Indians, are living with dementia. This figure is significantly higher than previous estimates, meaning we need to find innovative solutions to tackle this crippling challenge in the country. India's population is aging rapidly, and the number of people aged 60 and above projected to reach 319 million by 2050. This only means the number of dementia cases in the country is expected to rise significantly. Despite huge investments and efforts in drug research, progress has been incredibly slow, with no breakthrough treatments on the horizon. Artificial Intelligence (AI) solutions have the potential to make a significant impact by leveraging capabilities in data analysis, pattern recognition, and predictive modeling. The Brain Bio-Digital Twin NTT Data, a strategic consulting firm that specializes in leading-edge technology has collaborated with the National Center for Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP) to work on a new technology called the Brain Bio-Digital Twin. This technology gathers significant amounts of data on brain-related diseases and converts it into digital data. It then maps it virtually as a digital model of the brain. With the data collected and digitized, AI and ML can then be used to study the brain and its functions. Goals and Benefits The primary goal of this research program is to create a digital version of a person's brain that can be studied instead of the actual patient. The hope is that this will lead to fewer invasive tests for patients. This kind of technology could also prove to be cheaper, simpler, and better. The prototype model is scheduled to come out this year. This technology may also help with better prediction of medication side effects, and detect & prevent disease earlier. Collaboration with NCNP National Center for Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), a Tokyo-based organization that offers treatments and research on prevention and therapy for various disorders, is contributing important data to the Brain Bio Digital Twin. This includes PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scans, bio-samples (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, tissue samples, genetic information), and medical interpretation of the results obtained through AI and ML processing. Digital Avatars for Dementia Patients NTT DATA work is also advancing research into combating dementia by using AI and deepfake technology to build digital avatars to communicate with dementia patients and stimulate them through dialogue. AI for Detecting Cognitive Decline in Elderly Drivers NTT DATA new AI system could prove to be invaluable in detecting cognitive decline among elderly drivers. The company has started working with Kokusai Motorcars on this project, scheduled to run until the end of June. The system will analyze driving speed, acceleration and deceleration, among other driving data to assess whether drivers are experiencing a decline in cognitive brain activity, such as the ability to make quick judgments and pay attention. Kokusai Motorcars will collect a large amount of driving data from several taxis whose drivers are 65 years old or older, which will be fed to NTT DATA to develop AI algorithms and verify the accuracy of driver judgments. Future Applications NTT DATA aims to launch the system as a cloud-based service within the next couple of years, targeting the taxi and logistics industries in particular, where the average age of drivers is steadily increasing. The system will also be made available to general drivers in the future, and NTT DATA is considering building a specific version for insurance companies to incorporate as a function of their insurance products. With the prevalence of dementia in India significantly higher than previous estimates, and the country's rapidly aging population, AI solutions like those developed by NTT DATA have the potential to transform the detection, prevention, and management of dementia and cognitive decline in the country. From the Brain Bio-Digital Twin to digital avatars and AI-powered driving analysis, these innovative approaches show us the powerful role AI can play in addressing one of India's most pressing healthcare challenges. So, what do you think? Can AI really help combat cognitive decline and a scary demon like dementia? Does this give you hope? Let us know.
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One-Time Injection Enhances Brain Function In Monkeys
Unlocking Cognitive Enhancement: The Promise of Klotho Protein for Aging Minds In a groundbreaking discovery, researchers hailing from the Yale School of Medicine and the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) have uncovered a potential key to reversing cognitive decline in the elderly. Through a singular injection of the longevity factor known as klotho, these scientists achieved remarkable improvements in the memory and cognitive function of aging non-human primates, offering a glimmer of hope for aging populations worldwide. The newly published research in Nature Aging offers a revealing glimpse into the captivating possibilities of klotho as a therapeutic solution in combatting cognitive decline linked to aging. Klotho: A Glimpse into the Fountain of Youth The tale of klotho began with a significant revelation in klotho-deficient mice, which displayed symptoms akin to human premature aging. This discovery set the stage for a cascade of research revealing the multifaceted roles of klotho in various molecular signaling pathways and diseases. This remarkable protein presents an impressive spectrum of characteristics, encompassing anti-aging qualities, the ability to extend lifespan, cognitive improvement impacts, antioxidative strengths, anti-inflammatory potentials, and even properties that counteract tumor development.Klotho's potential to bolster cognitive function has been spotlighted through acute peripheral administration in mice. The elevation of systemic klotho levels in these animals demonstrated tangible improvements in synaptic plasticity, cognitive prowess, and neural resilience against aging and neurodegenerative afflictions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Buoyed by these discoveries, researchers redirected their focus toward investigating the feasibility of reproducing these cognitive improvements in aging non-human primates. Unraveling the Cognitive Benefits of Klotho in Aging Primates The primary objective of the study was elegantly simple: to ascertain whether aging rhesus macaques could experience cognitive improvements akin to their rodent counterparts when exposed to klotho. Aging rhesus macaques, much like humans, suffer from cognitive decline as they grow older. Yet, unlike humans, cognitive decay stems from synaptic changes rather than significant neuronal loss. Led by Stacy A. Castner from Graham V. Williams' lab at Yale School of Medicine, the research team embarked on a journey to replicate the cognitive enhancements of klotho through a single subcutaneous injection in aged rhesus macaques. These macaques, with an average age equivalent to 65 human years, were administered klotho doses that matched natural levels observed in humans and mice subjected to cognitive enhancements. The cognitive evaluations revolved around a spatial delayed response (SDR) task, focusing on the intricate interplay of fronto-temporal circuits and brain regions like the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. This task scrutinized working and spatial memory under both low and high memory loads. The Remarkable Findings The results were nothing short of extraordinary. A single injection of 10 g/kg klotho led to a rapid improvement in high-memory-load (HML) performance in rhesus macaques, mirroring the swift cognitive enhancement witnessed in mice. These enhancements persisted even after two weeks, with improvements evident in both high and low memory load scenarios. Notably, there was no discernible difference in klotho-mediated improvements between male and female subjects. Additionally, the researchers examined the dose-dependent nature of klotho's benefits. Surprisingly, administering higher doses of klotho failed to yield further improvements, and in no way hindered cognitive function. While certain investigations have emphasized a robust link between klotho and kidney function, divergent outcomes indicate that relying on klotho as a dependable substitute biomarker in cases of chronic kidney disease might be questionable. Pioneering a New Frontier: Klotho in Clinical Trials The potential of klotho doesn't just reside in the realm of experimental research. Concrete evidence of age-dependent changes in soluble klotho levels among healthy individuals was documented in a study over a decade ago. However, human clinical trials involving klotho protein as a therapeutic agent are scarce. Over twenty clinical trials have either concluded or are in progress, exploring klotho as a biomarker for aging and various diseases. For instance, the FIT-AGING clinical trial examined different exercise modalities' effects on klotho protein and the physiological consequences of activating the klotho gene in sedentary individuals. The CHANGE clinical trial, completed in March 2020, delved into the influence of a low-calorie diet on klotho levels, brain stem cells, and cognitive abilities. Another ongoing clinical trial aims to determine whether klotho serum levels could serve as a biomarker for peripheral artery disease progression. A Glimpse into the Future While the horizon appears promising for klotho as an aging treatment and diagnostic biomarker, not all published research aligns with klotho's relevance in aging-related diseases, particularly those affecting the kidneys. Although some studies have highlighted a strong connection between klotho and kidney function, conflicting results suggest that klotho might not be a reliable surrogate biomarker in chronic kidney disease. This underscores the pressing need for comprehensive research to ascertain klotho's clinical significance in these scenarios. As our understanding of klotho continues to deepen, the potential for therapeutic interventions that harness its benefits grows more tangible. The tantalizing prospect of klotho-boosting treatments may well become a reality, unlocking a new chapter in our quest to enhance cognitive vitality and extend healthy aging.
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Newest Study Indicates NMN Reduces Inflammation and Restores Cognitive Function
Our immune system, the shield that protects us from infections, is a marvel of nature. It tirelessly battles pathogens, keeping us healthy and safe. Yet, sometimes, this protective mechanism can become overly zealous or unbalanced, mistakenly attacking our own organs, and leading to severe damage. Even our precious brain, the core of our identity and intelligence, is not immune to these potential hazards. When inflammation takes over the brain, it can cause cognitive impairments, affecting our memory and learning abilities.But hold on to hope! In a groundbreaking research discovery from the Naval Medical University in China, scientists have unearthed a remarkable solution to combat this memory-hindering brain inflammation. Meet NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide), an extraordinary compound showing great promise in counteracting brain inflammation and enhancing cognitive function. The Connection Between NMN and Brain Inflammation Published in the esteemed scientific journal Redox Biology, a study led by Li and colleagues delved into the interplay between NMN and the immune system's inflammatory response. The researchers unveiled NMN's ability to activate a critical enzyme called SIRT1, playing a pivotal role in regulating the immune system's response to inflammation and oxidative stress.In a series of experiments on mice afflicted with a life-threatening infection known as sepsis, the team observed that NMN brought about increased levels of NAD+ and SIRT1 in a crucial brain region called the hippocampus. This finding is of paramount importance as the hippocampus governs memory and learning processes. Putting NMN to the Test To gauge the cognitive abilities of the septic mice, the scientists employed the Morris water maze test. In this challenging test, the infected mice faced navigation hurdles, exhibiting memory deficits by taking longer to find an escape platform and making more errors compared to their healthy counterparts. Yet, when NMN was administered to the septic mice, their cognitive performance underwent a remarkable improvement, indicating NMN's potential to enhance cognition. NMN: Easing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Delving deeper into NMN's effects on the septic mice's cognition, the researchers examined inflammation and oxidative stress levels in the hippocampus. Oxidative stress arises when harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulate, causing damage to cellular components like proteins, lipids, and DNA. Importantly, inflammation is a known trigger of oxidative stress.In the septic mice, the hippocampus showed elevated levels of proinflammatory molecules, including the notorious IL-6, alongside ROS. Nevertheless, NMN administration led to a significant reduction in both inflammatory molecules and ROS, highlighting NMN's prowess in effectively countering inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain. SIRT1: The Longevity-Boosting Enzyme Aiding NMN's potent effects, SIRT1 acts like an engine fueled by a molecule called NAD+. Sufficient NAD+ supply, generated through NMN metabolism, sets SIRT1 in motion, initiating a cascade of processes associated with longevity and overall health. Interestingly, previous studies have demonstrated that over-activating SIRT1 in the brain can extend the lifespan of mice.To solidify the connection between NMN and SIRT1 in alleviating brain inflammation, the researchers performed additional experiments by blocking SIRT1 using a specific drug. The results were clear: inhibiting SIRT1 undermined NMN's cognitive-enhancing, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects in the septic mice, underscoring that NMN's benefits stem from its activation of SIRT1. NMN is a Potent Anti-Inflammatory Agent The impact of this research extends beyond sepsis-induced inflammation, with NMN demonstrating potential in various inflammation-related conditions, including aging and chronic diseases such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders. Inflammation can be triggered by factors like injury, aging, and even certain foods or environmental toxins.NMN's positive influence goes beyond the brain, as it exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in other organs like the skin, gut, lungs, and fat tissue, as seen in animal studies. NMN's activation of SIRT1 and subsequent increase in NAD+ levels enhance the health of cellular powerhouses known as mitochondria, reducing harmful ROS production. Additionally, elevated NAD+ levels in immune cells contribute to restoring balance in a dysregulated immune system, effectively reducing inflammation.The exciting discoveries emerging from the Naval Medical University's research shed a beacon of light on NMN's immense potential in combating brain inflammation and enhancing cognitive function. This extraordinary compound, through its activation of the longevity-promoting enzyme SIRT1, offers a promising path toward addressing inflammation-induced memory impairments.The wonders of NMN extend far beyond the brain, presenting a holistic impact on overall health by taming inflammation in multiple organs. As researchers continue their journey, we might witness NMN emerging as a powerful ally in the battle against inflammation-related health challenges, fostering hope for a brighter future of improved cognitive function and enhanced well-being. Let us remain eager as the quest for better brain health and longevity unfolds before our eyes.
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New Hope for Cognitive Decline: NMN Treatment Shows Promise in Restoring Memory
Low-dose NMN restored cognition by increasing serotonin receptor levels in the hippocampus The compound NP, which is present in dishwashing and laundry detergents, has been prohibited in the European Union due to its hazardous nature. Exposure to high doses of NP can result in reproductive damage and cognitive impairments, primarily affecting estrogen receptors. The extent of NP exposure in individuals outside the European Union remains uncertain, and currently, there are no identified remedies to safeguard cognition for those exposed to high levels of NP.A recent study published in Food and Chemical Toxicology by Liu and colleagues from the South China Agricultural University investigated the effects of NP exposure on rats' learning and memory. The study revealed that treatment with low-dose NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) restored cognition by increasing serotonin receptor levels in the hippocampus, a vital region responsible for learning and memory. These findings suggest that NMN may hold the potential in preventing cognitive decline in individuals exposed to high levels of NP.To assess the impact of NMN on cognition following NP exposure, the researchers conducted a passive avoidance test with rats. This test gauged fear-based memory by measuring the rats' latency to enter a darkened compartment, where they had previously received a foot shock. NP exposure significantly reduced the rats' step-through latency, indicating impaired learning and memory. However, when the rats were treated with low-dose NMN alongside NP exposure, their step-through latency durations were restored, indicating improved learning and memory. These results imply that NMN supplementation can help alleviate cognitive impairments caused by NP exposure. Low-dose NMN enhances the abundance of all three serotonin receptor types The study further explored the mechanisms behind NMN's cognitive restoration. The researchers focused on serotonin receptors in the hippocampus and found that NP exposure considerably decreased their levels. Low-dose NMN treatment alongside NP exposure restored the levels of three types of serotonin receptors (5-HTR1A, 5-HTR4, and 5-HTR6), while medium and high NMN doses only restored the abundance of one type (5-HTR1A). These findings indicate that low-dose NMN enhances the abundance of all three serotonin receptor types, thereby contributing to cognition restoration, whereas higher doses primarily impact one type. However, the statistical significance of cognition restoration with higher NMN doses was not established. The study provides support for the notion that low-dose NMN supplementation can restore cognition in rats exposed to NP. Additionally, it was observed that low-dose NMN treatment increased serotonin receptor levels associated with memory formation and retrieval. The precise mechanism by which NMN confers these benefits remains largely unknown, but it may involve sirtuin proteins and their dependence on the longevity-promoting molecule NAD+. Further research is necessary to comprehend the reproductive damage and cognitive impairments caused by NP in humans. NMN exhibits promise in counteracting the detrimental effects of NP, particularly with regard to cognitive function. NMN recommended daily dosage is 250 mg -600 mg. NMN can be obtained at a cost of 1500INR to up to 5000INR for a month's supply, with a recommended daily dosage of 250 mg -600 mg. The successful low-dose treatment of 125 mg/kg observed in the study rats is equivalent to approximately 600 mg per day for a human weighing 165 pounds. To achieve similar cognition-preserving effects in humans, a daily intake of around 500 mg or more of NMN may be required. NMN is also used to increase healthspan and longevity
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Memory Upgrade: Creatine Can Supercharge Your Cognitive Abilities
One of the world's most used supplement: Creatine You probably know that creatine is a popular supplement for boosting physical performance and strength during workouts. But it's not just about big muscles and brawn—it has some pretty cool benefits for your brain, seemingly, when it comes to improving your memory.Let's talk about memory. Your brain needs a ton of energy to function at its best, this is where creatine comes in. Think of it as your brain's secret weapon for energy production. It helps your body make this thing called adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the ultimate energy molecule that powers your entire system. Sure, there may be ways you can get creatine from your diet, but guess what? Your body also produces it naturally in your liver, kidneys, and brain. So, these clever researchers went on a mission to explore creatine's memory-boosting abilities. They gathered up a bunch of studies and did this thing called a meta-analysis (a fancy term for combining and analyzing multiple studies). And the results were more than pleasantly surprising. When people took creatine supplements, the levels of this magical molecule in their brains went up. And the result? Boom! Improved energy availability and production in the mitochondria—the powerhouse of your cells. Results showed better memory performance compared to those who took the placebo pills. This study encompassed ten trials, including a diverse group of 225 participants from multiple countries such as the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Brazil, and the United States. The participants represented a wide range of ages and included both men and women. The duration of creatine use varied, from just a quick 5-day boost to a longer 24-week period. Most studies used a dosage of 20 grams of creatine, but some tried out lower doses too. Now, to measure memory performance, the researchers pulled out some nifty tools. They gave people tasks like recalling numbers, letters, or block sequences after a bit of memorization. And guess what happened? Across the board, memory performance shot up with the help of creatine. Talk about a memory superpower! Thinking of trying NMN? Read Top 5 NMN Supplements In India: A Brief Review Older participants showed more improvement than younger participants When researchers dug deeper into the data, they made an interesting discovery. Older adults (ages 66-76) experienced some serious memory improvement compared to younger folks (ages 11-31). Who would've thought? While these findings are cool and all, we need to be more chill about creatine. Some of the studies didn't provide enough info on how they randomly assigned people to groups, which could introduce some bias. So, we need more large-scale clinical trials to be sure about creatine's memory-boosting awesomeness and to explore how it affects other aspects of brain health. Previous research suggests that creatine levels tend to decrease as we age. That means if you're starting with lower baseline levels, you might get even more benefits from supplementation. Some other research groups also came to similar conclusions, hinting that older adults or those going through stressful times might find creatine particularly helpful. Creatine supplements have very few side effects & offer a bunch of advantages It's worth mentioning that many of the studies analyzed in this research didn't measure people's baseline creatine levels. So, we still need more investigation to lock in these findings. But hey, here's the good news—creatine supplements usually have very few side effects and offer a bunch of advantages. It's important (and smart!) to consult with your healthcare provider before making any changes to your medication or supplement regimen. They can provide personalized advice and guidance tailored to your specific needs.So! Want to supercharge your brain and body? Give creatine a shot! It could be just the thing you need to level up your memory skills and overall brain health. Stay sharp!
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